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黄宽重 ，
〈人际网络、社会文化活动与领袖地位的建立──以宋代四明汪氏家族为中心的观察〉，《台大历史学报》第24期（台北：国立台湾大学历史系，1999.12），页225-256。
中文摘要
汪氏是四明地区具有特色的家族，在四明发展的时间较短，衰落却相当迅速；族人在科举功名与政坛乃至学术上的成就，也难与史、袁、楼等著名家族相匹敌。不过在思温、大猷父子两代，藉交往、婚姻等关系，开展人际网络，进而在四明地区与这些家族共同推动地方建设，使汪氏在高、孝、光、宁四朝，成为推动地区社会文化建设的中流砥柱，其影响力甚至超乎上述名族。
汪氏成功之道，与家族好善乐施的传统关系密切。思温父子对乡人乃至被贬的谪官，都施予援手，使他们赢得乡党乃至朝臣的敬重。对其婚姻的对象，如姜氏、陈氏、徐氏、楼氏等，在遭逢乱世而家道中落时，也极力扶持，当这些人在朝为官时，自然成为汪氏推动地方公共事务中最有力的奥援。
此外，思温、大猷父子长期被罢居乡，反而使他们在乡里活动中，居于主导地位。思温居乡凡十八年，大猷达二十五年，长期的居乡生活，有利于经营产业，组织、联系乡里耆老或精英，推动社会文化活动，更以乡里耆老的身分，号召乡人，筹措财源，协助地方官员从事公共建设。
乐于助人、擅长组织、丰厚的资产及长期乡居，不仅让思温父子得以塑造当地知识分子认同的社区意识，更奠定了他们的领袖地位。
英文摘要
The Wang family was a very special lineage in the Siming area. Their rise to prominence in Siming was relatively rapid, and their decline was similarly fast. The lineage members distinguished themselves in the exams, and on the political stage, and were a match for the Shi, Yuan, and Lou families in Siming. Wang Siwen and his son Dayou, developed their personal networks through social intercourse, marriage relationships, and involvement in local construction projects together with other lineages. This allowed the Wang family during the four reigns of Gaozong, Xiaozong, Guangzong and Ningzong to become the mainstay of local society, with their influence surpassing that of the previously prominent lineages.
The Wang family's route to success was through the traditional means of close relations with lineages that participated in charitable activities. Wang Siwen and his son were both very helpful and sympathetic to punished and exiled officials from the village. They thus won over local village groups and obtained the respect of court officials. In their marriages, as in those of the Jiang, Chen, Xu and Lou families, they made the utmost effort to support those whose family's financial conditions had declined because of the unsettled times. When these men became court officials, they naturally became strong moral and material supporters of the Wang family's efforts in local affairs.
In addition, Siwen and Dayou both lived in the village for a long time as retired officials, allowing them to attain the highest status leaders of village movements. Siwen lived in the village as a retired official for eighteen years, and Dayou for twenty five years. Their long tenure in the village allowed them to set up productive businesses, organize activities, gather the village elders and elites, and generally develop local society. They also became village elders, referred to themselves as village people, were a source from which to raise funds, and assisted local officials in public affairs.
As charitable men who excelled in organizing, and who were wealthy and long resident in the village, Siwen and his son were not only able to foster the community consciousness of the local scholars, but also to establish their position as leaders. |
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